Ko An Bawa Mace Farko Izini Do Min Aure Biyu? Shari'a, Dokar da Adabi

Wannan tambaya na dawo dawo ne: azawajin biyu yana buƙatar idanun uwar farko? Amsar ba za ta iya samun bayanai a layi daya ba, saboda yake da matakai guda uku — hukuncin Shari'a, dokar kasar, da halin adalci. Gwamnati adalci kawai zata iya samu idan duka suka fahimta a wurin daya.

1. A matsayin Shari'a

Ayat 4:3 na Suratul An-Nisa ta ba mutum izinin azawajin da yawa idan ya adana adalci; wannan ayar ba ta ja wannan idanun uwar farko a matsayin sharudin azawaji ba. Saboda haka, hasabban faqihai (ulamai), azawajin biyu yana faruwa a cikin Shari'a ko ba a samu idanun uwar farko ba.

Amma Shari'a ba ta jim jimawa game da huququn uwa ba. Ba za a iya samu kuskure a mahr, kayan rayuwa, gida, da raba lokaci ba. Shawarar Qur'an:

Mu rayuwa da matazukunmu da kirki. Idan muka kiran su, yana kamata yake cewa muka kiran abinda Allah ya sa alheri da yawa a ciki. — (Suratul An-Nisa, 4:19)

2. A matsayin dokar Bangladesh

Ta ƙarƙashin Section 6 na Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961, tun da azawajin da ya wuce ya wanzu, ba za a iya aikata azawajin sabuwa ba sai da idanun farko na Arbitration Council a putar. A buƙatar cewa sababin azawajin da ke nemanwa da kuma idan a samu idanun uwar da yanzu. Idan mutum ya aure ba tare da idanun ba, lissafin mahr na uwar da yanzu za a biyashi a halitta, kuna da yanayin kasar kashewa ko diram. Don bayanai, duba: The legal process of plural marriage in Bangladesh.

Yawan ulamai suna ganin wannan doka a matsayin "tsarin aiki na hali na mubah", wanda tabbatar da biyayya shine hikima — saboda ya kare huququn uwa da kuma ya rage gaskiya. Don rage matsalar dokar, biya binciken shine hali mai hikima.

3. Halin adalci (Moral responsibility)

Dan Allah ﷺ ya ce:

Kyawancin mutane shi ne mai kirki ga iyali; kuma ni kyawancin mutane ne ga iyali na. — (Jami'u at-Tirmidhi 3895; Sunan Ibn Majah 1977)

Hira da uwar farko da ta kula da gida shekaru, bayar da bayanai ga ta, da tabbatar da huququn ta, wannan daga cikin hali masu kyau. Gaskiyar a cikin al'ummar zata samu hadarin gida a baya. Duba: How to keep a good relationship with the first wife.

Idan Nikahnama tana da sharudda

Idan akwai wani sharudda aka rubuta a cikin Nikahnama a lokacin aure (misali, me ya faru idan miji ya aure wata), a buƙatar biyayyarsa da tsoro. Hadis ya ce:

Sharar da suka fi son biyayya, wadanda kuma muka yi amfani da su don yi halala fuskantar aure. — (Sahih al-Bukhari 2721; Sahih Muslim 1418)

Don koyon yadda akwatin Nikahnama ke aiki a ƙarƙashin wane madhhab, nemi shawara daga malam ko wakili.

Kalmomi ƙara ga mata

A matsayin uwa, yana kamata ki jin ciwo saboda hali — wannan halin gari ne. Hakuri, tafarko, da sulhu ta hanyar kowa mai tsufa a gida ko malam, sai dai zai taimaka wajen cire al'umma (Marital disputes and arbitration). Kuma idan miji ya yi zulunci, akwai darussan dokar da Shari'a (What a wife can do if the husband is not just).

Labari

• A cikin Shari'a, idanu ba sharudda ba, amma kare huquq wajib ne.
• Idan ba a biya hatattun dokar ba: ciwo da matsalar dajin.
• A hali, tafarko da gaskiya ke kare gida.

"Idanu" da "Razanci" na uwa — fahimta bambance

A tafarko game da Shari'a da doka, "idanu" da "razanci" suka nuna a matsayin mafahim bambance:

• Izni a matsayin sharuti: ko izinin mata ce da buƙata don aure na biyu ya zama sahih — a cikin fiqhin Hanafi, haske da jumhur, bai buƙata ba.
• Izni na halitta: tattaunawa da sha'awar zuciya don samun razon mata daga zuciya — wannan ya fi kyau haske da hanyar Sunnah.
• Rai a cikin tsarin shar'i: akwai wakilin mata a Majalisar Sulhu, da kuma buƙatar bayanan razon mata a cikin buƙatar.

Fahimtar wadannan guda uku a wuri ɗaya tana kashe hali na "Shariah ba ta buƙata ba, saboda haka ba a buƙata magana mata ba."

Wani nau'in tsarin magana da mata

1. Farko: fara da kirki da "na gode" zuwa mata.
2. Bayani gaskiya game da halin: me yasa wannan sha'awa, da me ka yi tunani a baya.
3. Aiki: hakkin mata, lokaci, kayan rayuwa da kirkin ba za a ragu ba.
4. Sauri: sauri da mata daidai, koyaushe ta ke neman magana.
5. Baya lokaci: kaba ta don amsa a nan take.

Idan mata take kirar da karfi

• Rubuta sababbin kirarta a wuri ɗaya — waɗanda ke hadarin gaskiya (kuɗi, tsaro) da waɗanda ke halitta.
• Nuna hanyoyin rage hadarin gaskiya.
• Samun taimakon mutumin kirki ko malam (sulhu).
• Ko da mata take kirar da zafi, ka ci gaba da kirki, ka kiyaye kara da gaba.

Hakkin mata ba za a ragu ba

• biyan mahrin da aka saba (cikin da aka buƙata),
• kayan rayuwa da gida,
• raba lokaci da adalci,
• ilimin da kula da yara,
• kirki da tsoron rayuwa.

Idan akwai sharar da aka saba qablin aure

Idan Nikahnama ya ba mata ikon talaka ko akwai wata sharuti game da aure na biyu, karanta ta kuma fahimta tasirin ta hanyar sha'awar shar'i (Nikahnama).

Don sha'awa, tuntube mu.